Medicare Cancer Coverage: Chemotherapy & Radiation

A cancer diagnosis brings enough worry without adding insurance concerns. Understanding how Medicare covers cancer treatment can help you focus on what matters most—getting better.

!A hospital oncology setting, representing Medicare cancer treatment coverage

> Quick reference: For a 2026 breakdown of what Original Medicare and Medicare Advantage cover — by Part A, B, and D — see our guide: Medicare Coverage for Cancer.

Overview: How Medicare Covers Cancer Care

> About 54% of Medicare beneficiaries are in Medicare Advantage, where cancer care runs through the plan's network; the rest use Original Medicare, accepted by any participating provider nationwide. (Source: CMS / KFF, 2024.)

Medicare provides comprehensive coverage for cancer diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up care through a combination of Part A, Part B, and Part D.

Cancer Screening and Early Detection

Medicare Part B covers many cancer screenings at no cost to you (no deductible or coinsurance):

Covered Screenings (Preventive)

• Mammograms: Yearly for women 40+
• Colorectal cancer screening: Various tests for adults 45+
• Cervical and vaginal cancer screening: Pap test and pelvic exam every 24 months (yearly for high-risk)
• Prostate cancer screening: PSA test and digital rectal exam yearly for men 50+
• Lung cancer screening: Low-dose CT scan yearly for qualifying adults

Diagnostic Tests

If a screening suggests cancer, diagnostic tests are covered under Part B with 20% coinsurance after your deductible.

Cancer Treatment Coverage

Chemotherapy

Outpatient Chemotherapy (Part B) Chemotherapy administered in a doctor's office, hospital outpatient department, or cancer center is covered by Part B.

• You pay 20% coinsurance after deductible
• Medicare covers the drugs and administration

Oral Chemotherapy (Part D) Chemotherapy drugs you take at home as pills or capsules are covered under Part D prescription drug coverage.

• Coverage depends on your plan's formulary
• May require prior authorization
• Specialty tier drugs may have higher costs

Inpatient Chemotherapy (Part A) If you're admitted to the hospital for chemotherapy, Part A covers:

• Hospital room and board
• Chemotherapy drugs
• Nursing care
• All other hospital services

Radiation Therapy

Part B covers radiation therapy when medically necessary:

• External beam radiation
• Brachytherapy (internal radiation)
• Proton beam therapy
• Stereotactic radiosurgery

You pay 20% coinsurance after meeting your Part B deductible.

Cancer Surgery

Surgical cancer treatment is covered by:

• Part A: If you're admitted to the hospital
• Part B: Surgeon's fees and outpatient procedures

Coverage includes tumor removal, biopsies, lymph node removal, and reconstructive surgery (such as breast reconstruction after mastectomy).

Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy

Medicare covers FDA-approved immunotherapy and targeted therapy drugs:

• Part B for drugs administered in a medical setting
• Part D for oral medications taken at home

Other Cancer-Related Services Medicare Covers

Oncologist Visits

Part B covers doctor visits with your oncologist, including consultations and follow-up care.

Lab Tests and Imaging

• Blood tests and tumor markers
• CT scans, MRIs, PET scans
• X-rays and ultrasounds

Hospice Care

If you choose to stop curative treatment, Medicare Part A covers hospice care including:

• Medical care to manage pain and symptoms
• Prescription drugs for comfort
• Medical equipment
• Home health aides
• Counseling and spiritual support

Managing Cancer Treatment Costs

Even with Medicare, cancer treatment can be expensive. Here's how to manage costs:

Medicare Supplement (Medigap)

Medigap plans can cover:

• Part A deductibles
• Part B coinsurance (20% of all outpatient treatment)
• Hospital coinsurance for long stays

Medicare Advantage

Many Medicare Advantage plans offer:

• Lower cost-sharing for cancer treatment
• Annual out-of-pocket maximums
• Extra benefits like transportation to treatment
• Cancer treatment centers in network

Part D Extra Help

If you have limited income, Extra Help can significantly reduce prescription drug costs, including expensive cancer medications.

Pharmaceutical Assistance Programs

Many drug manufacturers offer patient assistance programs for expensive cancer drugs.

Choosing the Right Medicare Coverage for Cancer

When you have cancer or are at higher risk:

1. Review your Part D formulary for cancer drug coverage 2. Consider Medicare Advantage plans with strong oncology networks 3. Look for plans that include major cancer centers 4. Evaluate out-of-pocket maximums to protect against high costs 5. Check telehealth options for follow-up appointments

Getting Expert Guidance

Navigating Medicare during cancer treatment is overwhelming. A licensed Medicare advisor can help you review your coverage options and find the best plan for your situation—at no cost to you.

Next steps: Take our 2-minute Medicare plan quiz, book a free Medicare review, or see our Medicare Advantage vs. Supplement comparison.

We do not offer every plan available in your area. Please contact Medicare.gov or 1-800-MEDICARE to get information on all of your options.